These are a bit more complicated, and I'm not sure what some of them do, but I'll let you know what I know.
Anti-Cloak: 0 means the computer (sensors) has no anticloak abilities. 1 means the computer does have anti-cloak abilities. If the number is a 0, the only option you have for finding a cloaked ship is probe and pray.
Anti-cloak rating: 0-100 the higher the number the more powerful the anti-cloak system. I believe, that this is a random number, compared to the cloak rating attached to the cloak. The higher number wins, if its the anti-cloak, the cloaked ship becomes visible.
Range Index: This is the base range that your sensors reach. This number can be boosted by using Deep Scanners.
Lock Bonus: I have no clue what this does.
Cloak Rating: Works the same as the Anti-cloak rating, the higher the number the harder for Anti-cloak systems to find the cloaked ship.
Cloak Cost: Power required to cloak. This is a fixed cost, and it's usually rendered moot, because power is taken from shields to cloak.
Strength: Damage a particular shield can take before it collapses.
Efficiency: Not entirely sure, but I have to believe that this is how much power the shield requires to operate, regardless of status.