If they drop from a base or immobile ship that's not moving, the small box model hangars are well within the protective shield radius of their mothership.
Because the pods immediately cloak, they are nearly invulnerable to anything except concentrated direct fire weapons. Even a modest hull and armor would keep them safe from enemy fire while cloaked. I mean... anything is possible if someone is bent on killing them, but they'd likely not get too much a chance and at considerable risk too.
That brings up a question, tho. Would a capital ship be forced to deal with fighters 1st? I've often wondered what's faster. A fighter or a Star Destroyer. In SWANH, a Star Destroyer chased down and nearly got the millenium falcon. So maybe they are as fast at impulse... but the Falcon is far more manueverable. Why didnt she just change course and head in the opposite direction than the SD? We have seen how clumsy the SD's are to manuever. Maybe because the Falacon was lining up to do a jump is all I can think of.
There are a lot of particulars to think about.