BPV = Battle Point Value: Gives a relational system to match a ship's combat abilities against another. All ships componenets have a BPV and added up make the approximate worth of the ship in combat.
Special Role = Denotes the job role of the variant; Drone Ship, Q-Ship, Police Ship, Carrier etc....
Size Class = Denotes the hull size of the ship to help it get placed into the Ship Library for your viewing.
Stealth (+ECM) = Adds built in ECM potential that does not show up on the EW meter. Think B2 bomber style built in stealth systems. Pirates are the primary recipients of this in SFB. I don't know that it actually works in this game.
Deck Crews = Reload/Repair fighters when in the bay.
ADD_6 = Anti Drone Drone with a six round magazine. In SFC they are called AMD.
ADD_12 = Same as above, but with a twelve round magazine.
Shuttles Size = Not entirely sure, but I think it has to do with the size of the shuttle bay.
Armor = Just what it implies. This adds free hits that get taken out before any systems get hit.
Forward Hull = Hull is sectioned on each ship into Forward, Aft and Center Hull boxes (assuming the ship is large enough to have that much) that are destroyed on certain hits on the Damage Allocation Chart. Hull is the basic structure of a ship and is just stuff to hit and hold you together.
Center Hull = See above.
Aft Hull = See above.
Cargo = Sort of like hull as it has no useful purpose in the game other than free hits. It, of course, represents cargo space.
Barracks = Another free hit. They are used to house marines, especially in the Commando ships.
Repair = Placed on Fleet Repair Docks and Bases, it represents shipyard repair ability. Basically another free hit.
R_L_Warp = Right/Left warp engine capability. All power systems (Warp, Impuse, APR and Batteries) give one point of power for each point given in these columns.
C_Warp = Center warp engine capability.
Impulse = Impulse engine capability.
Apr = Alternate Power Reactor capability.
Battery = Battery capability. Batteries are only used when all other power systems are taxed to full and they are switched to the "use" position.
Bridge = The number of Bridge "boxes". In SFB it was important because you could lose control of your ship if all of your Command and Control boxes were destroyed. In SFC it is just a free hit.
Security = Used as a CnC box for Klingon ships in SFB. Since the Klingons used many subject races that could not be entirely trusted, extra Security Stations were placed around the ship in case of mutiny. In SFC its another free hit.
Lab = Denotes number of Labs which are used for shield regeneration rates.
Tractors = Denotes the amount of farm equipment in the cargo bay... No, wait, its the number of Tractor Beams the ship has.
Mech Tractors = Denotes the number of external Mechanical Tractor Beams used to dock PF's the ship has.
Special Sensors = Used in SFB for Scout class vessels, In SFC they are just another free hit.
Sensors = Used to denote the quality of the sensor track which degrades as it is damaged. The better the sensors, the less they degrade with damage. In SFC the sensors are used to control seeking weapons that need guidance.
Scanners = Used to target and fire upon other units. They degrade with damage like sensors.
Acceleration = Denotes how fast the ship accelerates. The higher the number, the faster it gets up and goes.
Damage Control = Denotes how much damage can be repaired without the help of a repair facility. In SFC this is reflected in the number of repair screws the ship can carry.
Extra Damage = Denotes the number of excess damage boxes on the ship. These are the boxes that keep you together when your ship is a burning wreck. If all excess damage boxes get destroyed, you go boom.
Ship Cost = Not a clue, but since all of them are 5 I think it probably is just a base determinant for some calculation.
Refit Base Class = Denotes the ship that was the original design for the variant(s) being built.
Balance = Used for mission matching it adds or subtracts from the BPV of the ship to help it get better draws. Even though some ships look good on paper and are a stated worth, testing has shown that not all ships are equal to the sum of their parts and some adjustments must be made.
W# = Not a clue.