Kill...Fighters, shuttles, shuts down ESG's, takes out Missiles, and Damages ships !
So why aren't they set off by Phasers, Photons, and Plasma...they all just magically go right thru to the target w/o losing any momentum or damage potential ??
Mines are tiny (really tiny) and are built to not give off much energy signature. Space, on the other hand, is big. This makes mines very difficult to target. Think of them as having a permanent cloak. Technically you can target them with weapons, but special sensors don't work in SFC so we don't get to see that happen. In SFB, minesweeper ships with special sensors can target mines with phasers, but they have to get close to do it and quite often have a mine go off in their faces. This is why minesweeper ships have disproportionately large #1 shields.
In SFB, you wouldn't even be able to see the mine if it was dropped out of the shuttle bay -- until right after you hit it. (Or you got really close while going really slow.) You could "see" transporter bombs, but that was more because you were assumed to detect the transporter action, not the bomb itself.
Fighters, shuttles, missiles, and even ships don't actually hit mines. The mine picks up their energy signature with passive sensors and sets itself off when it judges that the object has gotten close enough.
ESG fields, on the other hand, do actually hit mines, because they are a huge energy field that fills up the entire void of space. They don't need to "target" anything.
Now here's a real question for you: Hit and run raids be damned! As a Romulan commander (or anyone else with attitude) why aren't I beaming over nuclear space mines into the enemy's engine room the instant I drop one of his shields? Huh? Why don't I have a hold full of nuclear space mines, all with a recorded voice that keeps screaming, "beam me over, Scotty!"
-S'Cipio