Sure Feds have fighters. They were only ever mensioned or seen in a few episodes of DS9 (although they used models originally designed for the Maquis). In "The Sacrifice of Angels" Sisko sends in waves of fighters to get the Cardassians angry, and in "What You Leave Behind" there we're fighter squadrons mensioned during the battle. They may have been an innovation specifically for the war but its never gone into in much detail. Also who knows what their range is, the capabilities of the maquis ships seem to suggest they had warp capability so they may or may not have needed a ship to carry them into battle, they could have been launched from a starbase. But there are fighters in trek cannon.