http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994870 Commercial space flight takes big step up
17:19 08 April 04
NewScientist.com news service
The dream of commercial space flight has taken an important step towards reality with the granting of the first licence to a private company to launch people to a height of 100 kilometres.
The US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) awarded the license to Scaled Composites, a California-based company run by aviation pioneer Burt Rutan, for a one-year period.
The company is vying for the $10 million X Prize, to be awarded to the first private group to send three people to the sub-orbital height of 100 kilometres twice in two weeks.
Its contender is a rocket-plane called SpaceShipOne that will be launched from mid-air from a jet called White Knight. It is widely regarded as the front-runner for the prize.
Scaled Composites has so far declined to comment on the awarding of the license, but a statement by Rutan on the company web site reads: "We look to the future, hopefully within 10 years, when ordinary people, for the cost of a luxury cruise, can experience a rocket flight into the black sky above the Earth's atmosphere."
Reusable vehicles
Although the FAA has licensed more than 150 unmanned commercial rockets over 20 years, it has recently been studying the licensing requirements for manned launch vehicles, including reusable ones, such as SpaceShipOne.
"We realised [reusable vehicles] would be the future for space transportation," FAA spokesman Hank Price told New Scientist, especially "with the public interest in space tourism".
Price said public safety is the highest priority in assessing any application for a licence. Technical data such as vehicle specifications and flight paths must be submitted to the agency, and FAA inspectors may check the vehicles on-site as well.
In addition, companies must prove they are insured to cover the costs of any potential damage - such as to ground property - in case of failure. Any impacts to the environment, such as whether fuel is being vented into space, are also scrutinised. The FAA then has 180 days to approve or deny the application.
Rocket burn
Two other companies, one of which is also a contender for the X Prize, have applied for the licenses, Price said.
SpaceShipOne became the first of 27 X Prize contestants to perform a manned test flight in December 2003, when it burned its rocket for 15 seconds, reaching an altitude of nearly 21 km. It flew its twelfth test flight on 11 March with a newly installed thermal protection system.
Price says Scaled Composites applied for the license in order to burn its rocket for longer periods, which will be necessary to reach the 100 km target.
In testimony to the US Presidential Commission for the Moon, Mars and Beyond in March, X Prize Foundation president Peter Diamandis said he expects a winner by October 2004.
He also argued for the acceptance of some risk in the endeavour to conquer public spaceflight. "Without risk and without room for failure we cannot have the very breakthroughs we so desperately need."
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stephen